PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times late to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 years.